The Philosophy of Freedom
The Philosophy of Freedom
An interest in philosophy may be considered a natural part of our early years, a time when we are swept up in youthful idealism. However, once the ‘reality of life’ sets in we have other demands on our attention. Only in our latter years after recognising that the ‘reality of life’ has left us wanting may we once again feel the need to explore those less tangible aspects of existence. And so we ‘retreat’ into our favourite philosophical musings and metaphysical speculation.
The purpose of this website is not to restore our youthful musings or metaphysical speculation. It presents no treatise to be set alongside other great philosophical works. What it does however is offer a practice, a daily discipline through which the core questions of human freedom and human purpose can be actively engaged with by anyone willing to do the thinking.
Select links below for additional information.
How to proceed
This process is designed as a journey lasting 26 weeks. Each week is devoted to a series of short texts taken from Rudolf Steiner’s “Philosophy of Freedom”. They serve as stepping stones for reflection and a stimulus to your own thinking activity. They are however not intended as a substitute for reading the Philosophy of Freedom in its entirety. This would enable you to see the selected texts in their fuller context.
15 minutes each day
Set a time aside each day when you will not be interrupted. There are about 20 to 30 slides to contemplate each day, one set of slides per week. You can work with these slides in any way you chose, reading all or just a few and taking notes as you wish. Persevere with the 15 minutes as an exercise in concentration. This daily rhythm sets a foundation for a contemplative mood. A 15 timer is included which you can enable or disable. The timer will start after you select your weekly Chapter.
You can enable access to the original German text if that is useful to you. Disable the link if it is a distraction.
A facilitated group course is available if you wish to join with others and share your reflections and experience via monthly zoom meetings.
Click here to submit any questions and comments or to register for a group course.
The process and text selection are borrowed from an initiative hosted by Leben im Denken e.V. (Living in Thinking), an association founded in Germany to support the international engagement with the Philosophy of Freedom. I encourage you to visit their website where you can register to join their Annual Training with participants from around the world.
About the English translation
The selected texts were initially based on a translation from the original German edited by Michael Wilson which adopted from the German the gendered term ‘man’, and the respective pronouns ‘him, his’ as these were used in the original text.
To address the expectation of a modern reader I have revised the translation to use ‘human being’ in the place of ‘man’ with the associated pronouns ‘they’, ‘their’ and ‘themself’. While stylistically this does not always read so well it makes clear that the issue of gender plays no role in the question of human freedom.
I have also further amended the English translation in various places with the aim of making the meaning clearer for a modern reader. As with any translation however there are risks. Words that are easily understood in the original language evoke connotations that can be stumbling blocks in another. I will only point to a few particular terms.
The German word ‘Geist‘ is part of the term ‘Geisteswissenschaft’ which in an academic context means ‘Humanities’ or ‘Liberal Arts’ as opposed to ‘Natural Sciences’. It also translates as ‘Spiritual Science’ and was used in this way by Rudolf Steiner whose life work was to describe the results of what he termed a ‘Science of the Spirit’ (Anthroposophy) as a counterpart to the familiar science of the natural world. The term ‘spirit’ or ‘spiritual’ may denote the inner aspect of human nature, that unique identity we refer to as ‘I’ or one’s innermost being.
The German word ‘Mensch‘ applies without gender distinction to all human beings. In English ‘Man’ can also be understood to be gender neutral although this is not universally accepted. In the translation ‘Mensch’ is variously translated as ‘human being’, ‘person’ or ‘individual’, depending somewhat on context and familiar usage.
‘Soul‘ is another word that can arouse misunderstanding. The term ‘mind’ can usually be used as a substitute. The Original German is available for those able to read from that text.
Click here to download the full English version edited by Michael Wilson.
Click here to download a more modern English version translated by Michael Lipson.
Click here to download a the original German edition from 1918
Bernard Thomson, February 2025.
Background information
The book “Philosophy of Freedom” was first published in 1894 with the subtitle: “The basis for a modern world conception – Some results of introspective observation following the methods of Natural Science” In a letter to a friend about the book Steiner wrote:
“My reason for writing it as I did, however, was purely subjective. I was not setting forth a doctrine, but simply recording inner experiences through which I had actually passed. And I reported them just as I experienced them. Everything in my book is written from this personal angle, even to the shaping of the thoughts it contains…. my purpose was to write a biographical account of how one human soul made the difficult ascent to freedom. …. I found my own way up as best I could, and then, later on, described the route that I had taken. …. My method of getting over many a chasm was an individual one, deliberately singled out to be such. I struggled through thickets in a way peculiar to myself alone. …. Philosophy, except where it is real, individual experience, holds scarcely any further interest for me…”
Steiner is not offering the reader a substitute for the ascent he undertook and it remains for the reader to undertake their solitary climb to arrive at the summit. However Steiner is able to share some of the equipment he used and provide a map of the route he took. All the effort and all the reward will belong to each individual who seeks to make the climb.
At the same time this is not simply a private affair with no bearing on human culture and the issues of our times.
“I believe that for once we must take seriously the fight against the view of the world that only recognises atomic and mechanical processes….. At one time I was completely immersed in the mechanical-materialistic view of nature and would have sworn to its truth just as many others do nowadays; but I have also lived through the contradictions arising from it myself. What I am putting forward is therefore not mere dialectics, but my own inner experience.”
From a letter by Steiner to Friedrich Theodor Vischer, 1882.
“The basic fact here is that every human being is an individual. I tried in my Philosophy of Freedom to establish this as a fact in the face of the levelling inherent in Kantianism and Socialism.”
From Social and Anti-social Forces in the Human Being – Lecture 12 December 1918.
Although the Philosophy of Freedom was conceived in the late 19th century and hence references the influential thinkers from that time, its purpose has in no way diminished or lost its significance. The search for freedom and human purpose remains as urgent as ever.